Aldehyde C19 ( Allyl Hexanoate )

✦ Intensely fruity pineapple-tropical scent with fresh green and waxy undertones — one of the most recognizable fruit ester aroma chemicals
✦ Classified as Aldehyde C19 by trade convention but is chemically an aliphatic ester (allyl hexanoate), not a true aldehyde
✦ Excellent top note material — delivers an immediate diffusive fruity burst in alcohol-based perfumes, body washes, and candles
✦ GRAS-listed aroma chemical with established safety profile in both fragrance and flavoring applications
✦ IFRA 51st Amendment restricted in leave-on categories — safe and effective in rinse-off and functional fragrance at recommended levels
✦ Ideal for tropical accords, pineapple reconstructions, summer fruit fragrances, fruity floral compositions, and exotic attar blending
✦ 100% synthetic origin — vegan, cruelty-free, and free from animal-derived raw materials

Allyl Hexanoate, also known by the trade designation Aldehyde C19 or Allyl Caproate, is a synthetic aliphatic ester produced by the esterification of allyl alcohol with hexanoic acid. The Aldehyde C nomenclature, inherited from early twentieth century fragrance chemistry, is a commercial convention applied to a range of odorous materials — many of which, including Aldehyde C18 (Gamma-Nonalactone) and Aldehyde C19, are not true aldehydes in the chemical sense. Allyl Hexanoate has been a fragrance industry ingredient for decades, appearing in fruit bases, tropical compositions, and functional fragrance formulations for rinse-off personal care products.

What distinguishes Allyl Hexanoate from other fruity esters is the sharpness and immediacy of its pineapple impact. Where materials like Ethyl Butyrate offer a softer, rounder fruit character, Allyl Hexanoate projects with a green, slightly waxy edge that adds realism and diffusion to tropical accords. Its volatility makes it a powerful opening note material — small concentrations create immediate olfactory impact at the spray-on or lather stage, making it particularly effective in rinse-off products where top note freshness is critical to consumer perception.

Rabibazaar supplies cosmetic and fragrance-grade Allyl Hexanoate suitable for DIY perfumers, soap and candle crafters, functional fragrance formulators, and home fragrance developers seeking authentic tropical fruit character in their creations.

SCENT DESCRIPTION : Allyl Hexanoate opens with a sharp, intensely fruity pineapple burst that is immediately recognizable and highly diffusive. A fresh green-waxy edge lifts the tropical character and prevents it from reading as candy-sweet, lending a natural, slightly unripe fruit quality. At lower concentrations the scent softens into a rounded tropical note with faint banana and mango facets. It fades cleanly without a heavy drydown, making it a purely top-to-mid note contributor.

NOTE POSITION : Top to Mid

FRAGRANCE FAMILY : Fruity · Tropical · Green

FACETS : Pineapple · Tropical · Green · Waxy · Fresh

TENACITY : Low — dissipates within 1 to 2 hours on skin; moderate longevity in wax and diffuser media

SILLAGE : High on initial application — very diffusive and projecting in the opening; fades to low within the dry-down

Chemical Name : Allyl Hexanoate (Allyl Caproate)
CAS Number : 123-68-2
Synonyms : Aldehyde C19 · Allyl Caproate · 2-Propenyl Hexanoate · Allyl n-Caproate
Purity : 98% minimum
Appearance : Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Odor Threshold : Approximately 0.002 ppm (extremely potent — use with precision)
Solubility : Soluble in alcohol (ethanol, IPM, DPG); practically insoluble in water
Specific Gravity : 0.883 – 0.892 at 20°C
Flash Point : Approximately 41°C (flammable liquid — handle with care)
Type : Synthetic ester

Fine Fragrance : ★★★★☆
Allyl Hexanoate delivers a powerful pineapple-tropical burst ideal for opening accords in EDPs and EDTs. It is most effective at 0.05 to 0.3% in the final formula where it adds freshness and fruity diffusion without overwhelming the composition. Best used in tropical floral, fruity chypre, and exotic summer fragrance themes.

Attar & Oriental Blending : ★★★☆☆
In attar blending, a trace of Allyl Hexanoate introduces an unexpected tropical facet that modernizes traditional compositions. Blend at very low levels (0.02 to 0.1%) with oudy bases, rose attars, or musk blends for a contemporary fruity-oriental effect. Overuse can clash with resinous and animalic notes — restraint is essential.

Functional Fragrance : ★★★★☆
An excellent top note booster for rinse-off personal care including shampoo, body wash, and shower gel. Its diffusive pineapple impact is perceptible even through surfactant systems, creating a fresh tropical perception at wash-off. Adheres to IFRA guidelines for rinse-off categories comfortably at standard functional fragrance usage rates.

Cosmetics & Skin Care : ★★☆☆☆
Use is restricted in leave-on products under IFRA 51st Amendment due to sensitization potential of the allyl ester class. Suitable for rinse-off formats at compliant levels. Not recommended for facial leave-on products, body lotions intended for sensitive skin, or lip products. Always check IFRA category limits before inclusion.

Home Fragrance : ★★★★☆
Allyl Hexanoate performs well in candle wax and reed diffuser applications, contributing a vibrant pineapple-tropical scent throw. In soy and paraffin candles, use at 0.5 to 1.5% of fragrance oil loading. Flash point of approximately 41°C requires attention to candle and diffuser formulation safety protocols. Excellent for tropical, summer, and exotic home fragrance themes.

RECOMMENDED USAGE RATES

Application : Suggested Dosage (in finished product)
EDP : 0.05 – 0.30%
EDT : 0.05 – 0.25%
Body Lotion : 0.001 – 0.02% (IFRA restricted — verify limit)
Shampoo / Body Wash : 0.1 – 0.5% (rinse-off — confirm IFRA Cat. 9)
Candle : 0.5 – 1.5% of fragrance oil
Reed Diffuser : 1.0 – 3.0% of diffuser base
Soap (Bar) : 0.05 – 0.2% (rinse-off — confirm IFRA Cat. 9)

IFRA 51ST AMENDMENT LIMITS (Allyl Hexanoate — Restricted Material)

IFRA Category 1 (Toys) : Prohibited
IFRA Category 3 (Lip Products) : Very low — verify with current IFRA standard
IFRA Category 4 (Fine Fragrance) : Verify with current IFRA 51st Amendment standard
IFRA Category 5A (Face Cream) : Restricted — verify with IFRA standard
IFRA Category 9 (Rinse-off Body) : Higher allowance — verify with IFRA standard
IFRA Category 11 (Candles) : Not restricted under IFRA

⚠️ Allyl Hexanoate belongs to the allyl ester class, which carries skin sensitization risk. IFRA limits for leave-on categories are very conservative. Always calculate usage against the most current IFRA 51st Amendment QRA table for each product category. Verify exact percentage limits directly from the official IFRA standards document before formulating leave-on products.

⚠️ Flash point of approximately 41°C classifies this material as a flammable liquid. Store away from heat and open flame. Follow local regulations for storage and transport.

METHOD 1 — Direct Alcohol Dilution
Prepare a 10% dilution in 96% perfumers alcohol for controlled dosing in fine fragrance work. This concentration allows precise addition at the bench and prevents accidental overdosage given the ingredient's low odor threshold. Allow the dilution to rest 24 hours before evaluation.

METHOD 2 — Fruity Ester Stack
Layer Allyl Hexanoate with complementary fruity esters to build a richer, more complex tropical accord. Combine with Ethyl Butyrate (banana-pineapple), Allyl Amyl Glycolate (green-pineapple), or Amyl Acetate (banana-pear) to create multi-dimensional fruit accords that read as more natural and less linear.

METHOD 3 — Rinse-off Functional Fragrance Blending
For shampoo and body wash applications, blend Allyl Hexanoate into a pre-made fragrance oil before incorporation into the surfactant base. This protects the ester from direct exposure to high-pH surfactant systems and improves stability. Keep total fragrance loading within manufacturer-recommended levels for the surfactant blend.

BEST PAIRINGS

Ethyl Butyrate → Adds banana-pineapple roundness, softens the sharp edge
Allyl Amyl Glycolate → Enhances green-pineapple realism, classic accord combination
Amyl Acetate → Builds banana and pear facets, expands the tropical palette
Hedione → Bridges tropical and floral, adds jasmine lift and diffusion
Linalool → Smooths and naturalizes the synthetic edge in fruit floral builds
Iso E Super → Unexpected woody-amber depth that grounds volatile top notes
Habanolide / Macrocyclene musks → Anchors the accord and extends longevity on skin
Citronellol → Adds fresh rose-citrus facets for a tropical floral direction
Bergamot EO → Classic fruity fresh pairing for summer and aquatic themes

AVOID
Avoid combining with high-pH formulations without pre-blending — allyl esters can hydrolyze in strongly alkaline environments, reducing scent performance and potentially generating byproducts. Use with caution in high-alkaline cold process soap applications — test stability over 4 to 6 weeks before committing to production batches.

Allyl Hexanoate is one of those materials that smells almost too obvious in isolation — just sharp, blaring pineapple — yet becomes surprisingly useful the moment you dilute it and pair it with the right supporting cast. The real skill with this ester is restraint. Most formulators new to fruity aroma chemicals reach for too much, and the result is a one-dimensional tropical scream rather than a nuanced accord. I find it most rewarding as a trace element — under 0.1% in the final formula — where it acts like a sharpness catalyst, adding edge and diffusion to softer fruit esters that might otherwise read as flat or undefined.

ADVANCED TIP
Build a pineapple micro-accord using three materials before introducing into your main formula: Allyl Hexanoate at 5 parts, Allyl Amyl Glycolate at 10 parts, and Ethyl Butyrate at 15 parts, all diluted to 10% in alcohol. Evaluate this concentrate at 0.5% in a neutral musk base. The result is a green, fresh, multi-faceted pineapple note that reads far more natural than any single ester could achieve alone. This micro-accord can then be treated as a single ingredient and dropped into fruity florals, tropical chypres, or functional fragrance bases at whatever level suits the application.

Physical State : Clear colorless to pale yellow liquid
Skin Safety : Sensitizer risk — restricted in leave-on products under IFRA; patch test recommended; avoid undiluted skin contact
Eye Contact : Irritant — avoid contact; flush with water for 15 minutes if contact occurs; seek medical advice
Ingestion : GRAS status applies to food-grade use only; not for intentional ingestion in fragrance concentrations; keep out of reach of children
Ventilation : Use in well-ventilated area; vapors are irritating to mucous membranes at high concentrations
Storage : Store in tightly sealed container away from heat, sparks, and open flame; keep at 15 to 25°C in a cool, dry location
Shelf Life : 24 months from manufacture when stored correctly; esters can hydrolyze over time — check for off-notes before use
Container : Amber glass or HDPE — avoid PET containers for long-term storage; use airtight closure to prevent evaporation
Flammability : Flammable liquid — flash point approximately 41°C; Class 3 flammable; keep away from ignition sources

Q: What does Aldehyde C19 smell like?
A: It smells intensely of fresh pineapple with a green, slightly waxy, tropical quality. It is sharp and very diffusive, especially at first application.

Q: Is Aldehyde C19 actually an aldehyde?
A: No. Despite the trade name, Allyl Hexanoate is an ester, not a true aldehyde. The Aldehyde C naming is a historical commercial convention that does not reflect actual chemical class.

Q: Can I use Allyl Hexanoate in cold process soap?
A: Yes, but test carefully. Allyl esters can be sensitive to high-pH environments. Blend into your fragrance oil first and conduct a 4 to 6 week stability and ricing test before full production.

Q: What are the IFRA restrictions I need to know about?
A: Allyl Hexanoate is restricted in leave-on skin contact categories under the IFRA 51st Amendment due to sensitization potential. Limits in leave-on products are very low. It is more permissive in rinse-off and non-skin contact categories. Always check the current IFRA standard for your specific product category.

Q: How does Allyl Hexanoate compare to Allyl Amyl Glycolate for pineapple notes?
A: Both are key pineapple ester materials but with distinct character. Allyl Hexanoate is sharper, more direct, and headier — a classic pineapple burst. Allyl Amyl Glycolate is greener, fresher, and slightly more complex with a crisp unripe-pineapple quality. Professional formulators typically combine both to build a more realistic and multidimensional tropical accord.

Professional formulation workflow

Aldehyde C19 ( Allyl Hexanoate ) should be evaluated in a controlled small batch before production. Confirm the supplied grade, active concentration and recommended application range from the current supplier documentation. Weigh accurately instead of measuring by drops, record every adjustment, and compare the modified trial against an unchanged control.

Compatibility and quality checks

Test the ingredient in the actual alcohol, oil, surfactant, emulsion or wax base intended for sale. Observe clarity, separation, color, odor and performance immediately after mixing and again after a suitable resting period. A material that looks stable in a concentrate can behave differently in the finished formulation.

Scale-up and safety

Convert percentages into exact batch weights and verify the final consumer-product concentration before scaling. Follow the latest applicable IFRA, cosmetic, chemical and supplier safety documentation for the intended category. Use appropriate protective equipment, ventilation and clearly labeled containers, and retain a sample from every approved batch for quality comparison.